Matthew 5

1 Seeing the multitudes, he went up onto the mountain. When he had sat down, his disciples came to him.

2 He opened his mouth and taught them, saying,

3 “Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the Kingdom of Heaven.

4 Blessed are those who mourn, for they shall be comforted.

5 Blessed are the gentle, for they shall inherit the earth.

6 Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness, for they shall be filled.

7 Blessed are the merciful, for they shall obtain mercy.

8 Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see God.

9 Blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be called children of God.

10 Blessed are those who have been persecuted for righteousness’ sake, for theirs is the Kingdom of Heaven.

11 “Blessed are you when people reproach you, persecute you, and say all kinds of evil against you falsely, for my sake.

12 Rejoice, and be exceedingly glad, for great is your reward in heaven. For that is how they persecuted the prophets who were before you.

13 “You are the salt of the earth, but if the salt has lost its flavor, with what will it be salted? It is then good for nothing, but to be cast out and trodden under the feet of men.

14 “You are the light of the world. A city located on a hill can’t be hidden.

15 Neither do you light a lamp and put it under a measuring basket, but on a stand; and it shines to all who are in the house.

16 Even so, let your light shine before men, that they may see your good works and glorify your Father who is in heaven.

17 “Don’t think that I came to destroy the law or the prophets. I didn’t come to destroy, but to fulfill.

18 For most certainly, I tell you, until heaven and earth pass away, not even one smallest letter or one tiny pen stroke shall in any way pass away from the law, until all things are accomplished.

19 Therefore, whoever shall break one of these least commandments and teach others to do so, shall be called least in the Kingdom of Heaven; but whoever shall do and teach them shall be called great in the Kingdom of Heaven.

20 For I tell you that unless your righteousness exceeds that of the scribes and Pharisees, there is no way you will enter into the Kingdom of Heaven.

21 “You have heard that it was said to the ancient ones, ‘You shall not murder;’ and ‘Whoever murders will be in danger of the judgment.’

22 But I tell you that everyone who is angry with his brother without a cause will be in danger of the judgment. Whoever says to his brother, ‘Raca!’ will be in danger of the council. Whoever says, ‘You fool!’ will be in danger of the fire of Gehenna.

23 “If therefore you are offering your gift at the altar, and there remember that your brother has anything against you,

24 leave your gift there before the altar, and go your way. First be reconciled to your brother, and then come and offer your gift.

25 Agree with your adversary quickly while you are with him on the way; lest perhaps the prosecutor deliver you to the judge, and the judge deliver you to the officer, and you be cast into prison.

26 Most certainly I tell you, you shall by no means get out of there until you have paid the last penny.

27 “You have heard that it was said, ‘You shall not commit adultery;’

28 but I tell you that everyone who gazes at a woman to lust after her has committed adultery with her already in his heart.

29 If your right eye causes you to stumble, pluck it out and throw it away from you. For it is more profitable for you that one of your members should perish than for your whole body to be cast into Gehenna.

30 If your right hand causes you to stumble, cut it off, and throw it away from you. For it is more profitable for you that one of your members should perish, than for your whole body to be cast into Gehenna.

31 “It was also said, ‘Whoever shall put away his wife, let him give her a writing of divorce,’

32 but I tell you that whoever puts away his wife, except for the cause of sexual immorality, makes her an adulteress; and whoever marries her when she is put away commits adultery.

33 “Again you have heard that it was said to the ancient ones, ‘You shall not make false vows, but shall perform to the Lord your vows,’

34 but I tell you, don’t swear at all: neither by heaven, for it is the throne of God;

35 nor by the earth, for it is the footstool of his feet; nor by Jerusalem, for it is the city of the great King.

36 Neither shall you swear by your head, for you can’t make one hair white or black.

37 But let your ‘Yes’ be ‘Yes’ and your ‘No’ be ‘No.’ Whatever is more than these is of the evil one.

38 “You have heard that it was said, ‘An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth.’

39 But I tell you, don’t resist him who is evil; but whoever strikes you on your right cheek, turn to him the other also.

40 If anyone sues you to take away your coat, let him have your cloak also.

41 Whoever compels you to go one mile, go with him two.

42 Give to him who asks you, and don’t turn away him who desires to borrow from you.

43 “You have heard that it was said, ‘You shall love your neighbor and hate your enemy.’

44 But I tell you, love your enemies, bless those who curse you, do good to those who hate you, and pray for those who mistreat you and persecute you,

45 that you may be children of your Father who is in heaven. For he makes his sun to rise on the evil and the good, and sends rain on the just and the unjust.

46 For if you love those who love you, what reward do you have? Don’t even the tax collectors do the same?

47 If you only greet your friends, what more do you do than others? Don’t even the tax collectors do the same?

48 Therefore you shall be perfect, just as your Father in heaven is perfect.

Around Matthew 5

Book context

MatthewEditorial draft

Matthew opens by presenting Jesus as “the son of David, the son of Abraham” (1:1) and keeps connecting his life to the Hebrew Scriptures. Its teaching centres on the Kingdom of Heaven (4:17), gathers long blocks of Jesus’ teaching such as the Sermon on the Mount (chapters 5 to 7), and closes with the commission to make disciples of all nations (28:19). The book does not name its author; early church tradition attributes it to the apostle Matthew. Easton’s Bible Dictionary (1897) dates it around AD 60 to 65 and holds that it was the first Gospel written. Many later scholars think Mark came first, so the order of the Gospels is debated.

Why we say this

HisFullGlory editorial · debated · not yet reviewed by a theological reader

From the text itself

Sources

Notes summarise their sources in our own words. Where Christians or scholars disagree, the note says so. Notes are not original-language evidence and do not replace the text.

AI explanation

Matthew 5 · Written by an AI model · Not reviewed by a theological reader

This explanation was written by an AI model to help you get started. It names no sources and can contain mistakes. Scripture comes first, and context with sources is shown separately on this page.

What this chapter says

Jesus sees the crowds and climbs a mountain. He sits down, his disciples come to him, and he begins to teach. The first words are not commands. “Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the Kingdom of Heaven.” Blessed are those who mourn, the gentle, the merciful, the peacemakers, those who are persecuted. It is a list of the people no one would have put first.

He tells his followers they are the salt of the earth and the light of the world. Then he turns to the law. He did not come to destroy it, he says, but to fulfill it. Six times he quotes what was said and answers “But I tell you”, and each time he goes deeper: from murder to anger, from adultery to the lustful look, from limited revenge to love for enemies.

He ends on a command that stops many readers: be perfect, as the Father in heaven is perfect.

Background

Matthew's Gospel has Jewish readers much in view and often shows Jesus in relation to the law and the prophets. A teacher going up a mountain to speak about the law would have reminded many of Moses at Sinai. Sitting down was the usual posture of a teacher.

Several details reflect daily life under Roman rule. A soldier could force a civilian to carry his load for a mile (verse 41). Gehenna (verses 22, 29 and 30) is the name of a valley outside Jerusalem that had become a picture of final judgment.

How Christians read it

How should these demands be lived? Christians have answered in several ways.

  • Some read them as the real way of life for every disciple now, to be practiced with God’s help. Peace churches, for example, take “don’t resist him who is evil” as a call to refuse violence.
  • Some stress that the sermon shows how deep God’s will goes, so that it leads readers to seek mercy as well as to obey.
  • Many distinguish between personal conduct and the duties of a public office, such as that of a judge.

Most agree that Jesus is not cancelling the law but showing its full intent. Verse 32 on divorce and verse 48, “you shall be perfect”, are among the most discussed lines.

How translations differ

Compared with public-domain translations only.

Verse 22

World English Bible
But I tell you that everyone who is angry with his brother without a cause will be in danger of the judgment. Whoever says to his brother, ‘Raca!’ will be in danger of the council. Whoever says, ‘You fool!’ will be in danger of the fire of Gehenna.
King James Version
whosoever is angry with his brother without a cause shall be in danger of the judgment
American Standard Version (1901)
every one who is angry with his brother shall be in danger of the judgment

WEB and the KJV include “without a cause”; the ASV does not. The words are missing from some of the oldest Greek manuscripts and present in most later ones, so translations differ depending on which manuscripts they follow.

Verse 44

World English Bible
But I tell you, love your enemies, bless those who curse you, do good to those who hate you, and pray for those who mistreat you and persecute you,
King James Version
Love your enemies, bless them that curse you, do good to them that hate you
American Standard Version (1901)
love your enemies, and pray for them that persecute you

Here too the longer wording, with “bless those who curse you”, is found in most later manuscripts and in the KJV and WEB, while the ASV follows the shorter reading. The same thoughts appear in Luke 6:27 and 28, so nothing of this teaching is lost either way.

About this explanation

Written by Claude Sonnet 5.5, an AI model, on 22 October 2026. It draws on the WEB text and general knowledge and was not checked against sources by a person. Every quotation from Scripture is checked automatically against the WEB text.

Report a mistake

CommunityVoices, not sources

Readers share what this chapter means to them in the app.

See what readers say about Matthew 5

Context check

World English Bible. Public-domain source and edition notes