Deuteronomy 20

1 When you go out to battle against your enemies, and see horses, chariots, and a people more numerous than you, you shall not be afraid of them; for the LORD your God, who brought you up out of the land of Egypt, is with you.

2 It shall be, when you draw near to the battle, that the priest shall approach and speak to the people,

3 and shall tell them, “Hear, Israel, you draw near today to battle against your enemies. Don’t let your heart faint! Don’t be afraid, nor tremble, neither be scared of them;

4 for the LORD your God is he who goes with you, to fight for you against your enemies, to save you.”

5 The officers shall speak to the people, saying, “What man is there who has built a new house, and has not dedicated it? Let him go and return to his house, lest he die in the battle, and another man dedicate it.

6 What man is there who has planted a vineyard, and has not used its fruit? Let him go and return to his house, lest he die in the battle, and another man use its fruit.

7 What man is there who has pledged to be married to a wife, and has not taken her? Let him go and return to his house, lest he die in the battle, and another man take her.”

8 The officers shall speak further to the people, and they shall say, “What man is there who is fearful and faint-hearted? Let him go and return to his house, lest his brother’s heart melt as his heart.”

9 It shall be, when the officers have finished speaking to the people, that they shall appoint captains of armies at the head of the people.

10 When you draw near to a city to fight against it, then proclaim peace to it.

11 It shall be, if it gives you answer of peace and opens to you, then it shall be that all the people who are found therein shall become forced laborers to you, and shall serve you.

12 If it will make no peace with you, but will make war against you, then you shall besiege it.

13 When the LORD your God delivers it into your hand, you shall strike every male of it with the edge of the sword;

14 but the women, the little ones, the livestock, and all that is in the city, even all its plunder, you shall take for plunder for yourself. You may use the plunder of your enemies, which the LORD your God has given you.

15 Thus you shall do to all the cities which are very far off from you, which are not of the cities of these nations.

16 But of the cities of these peoples that the LORD your God gives you for an inheritance, you shall save alive nothing that breathes;

17 but you shall utterly destroy them: the Hittite, the Amorite, the Canaanite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite, as the LORD your God has commanded you;

18 that they not teach you to follow all their abominations, which they have done for their gods; so would you sin against the LORD your God.

19 When you shall besiege a city a long time, in making war against it to take it, you shall not destroy its trees by wielding an ax against them; for you may eat of them. You shall not cut them down, for is the tree of the field man, that it should be besieged by you?

20 Only the trees that you know are not trees for food, you shall destroy and cut them down. You shall build bulwarks against the city that makes war with you, until it falls.

Around Deuteronomy 20

Context

Context for this book is being written. A note appears here only once it names its sources.

AI explanation

Deuteronomy 20 · Written by an AI model · Not reviewed by a theological reader

This explanation was written by an AI model to help you get started. It names no sources and can contain mistakes. Scripture comes first, and context with sources is shown separately on this page.

What this chapter says

Horses, chariots and a people more numerous than you. Moses starts from the moment of fear. Israel is not to be afraid, because the LORD who brought them out of Egypt is with them. A priest speaks to the army before the fight: Do not let your heart faint, for the LORD goes with you to fight for you.

Then the officers speak, and the exemptions are startling. Anyone who has built a house and not dedicated it, planted a vineyard and not eaten from it, or promised to marry and not yet married may go home. So may the fearful and faint-hearted.

For a distant city, Israel must first offer peace. If it refuses and falls, the men are struck down, and the women, children and goods are taken. For the cities of the Hittite, Amorite, Canaanite, Perizzite, Hivite and Jebusite, nothing that breathes is to live, so Israel does not learn their abominations. Even in a siege, fruit trees are not to be cut down.

Background

This is one of the hardest chapters in the Bible, and the text says what it says. Readers differ on how to take it. Some see a command limited to one time and one set of peoples, some note that the book of Joshua describes a conquest less total than these words, and some, such as many Jewish and Christian writers, have warned against using it to justify any later violence. The rules about peace offers, exemptions and trees are unusual for the ancient world. See Joshua 6 and 11.

About this explanation

Written by Claude Sonnet 5.5, an AI model, on 26 October 2026. It draws on the WEB text and general knowledge and was not checked against sources by a person. Every quotation from Scripture is checked automatically against the WEB text.

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World English Bible. Public-domain source and edition notes