Deuteronomy 19

1 When the LORD your God cuts off the nations whose land the LORD your God gives you, and you succeed them and dwell in their cities and in their houses,

2 you shall set apart three cities for yourselves in the middle of your land, which the LORD your God gives you to possess.

3 You shall prepare the way, and divide the borders of your land which the LORD your God causes you to inherit into three parts, that every man slayer may flee there.

4 This is the case of the man slayer who shall flee there and live: Whoever kills his neighbor unintentionally, and didn’t hate him in time past—

5 as when a man goes into the forest with his neighbor to chop wood and his hand swings the ax to cut down the tree, and the head slips from the handle and hits his neighbor so that he dies—he shall flee to one of these cities and live.

6 Otherwise, the avenger of blood might pursue the man slayer while hot anger is in his heart and overtake him, because the way is long, and strike him mortally, even though he was not worthy of death, because he didn’t hate him in time past.

7 Therefore I command you to set apart three cities for yourselves.

8 If the LORD your God enlarges your border, as he has sworn to your fathers, and gives you all the land which he promised to give to your fathers;

9 and if you keep all this commandment to do it, which I command you today, to love the LORD your God, and to walk ever in his ways, then you shall add three cities more for yourselves, in addition to these three.

10 This is so that innocent blood will not be shed in the middle of your land which the LORD your God gives you for an inheritance, leaving blood guilt on you.

11 But if any man hates his neighbor, lies in wait for him, rises up against him, strikes him mortally so that he dies, and he flees into one of these cities;

12 then the elders of his city shall send and bring him there, and deliver him into the hand of the avenger of blood, that he may die.

13 Your eye shall not pity him, but you shall purge the innocent blood from Israel that it may go well with you.

14 You shall not remove your neighbor’s landmark, which they of old time have set, in your inheritance which you shall inherit, in the land that the LORD your God gives you to possess.

15 One witness shall not rise up against a man for any iniquity, or for any sin that he sins. At the mouth of two witnesses, or at the mouth of three witnesses, shall a matter be established.

16 If an unrighteous witness rises up against any man to testify against him of wrongdoing,

17 then both the men, between whom the controversy is, shall stand before the LORD, before the priests and the judges who shall be in those days;

18 and the judges shall make diligent inquisition; and behold, if the witness is a false witness, and has testified falsely against his brother,

19 then you shall do to him as he had thought to do to his brother. So you shall remove the evil from among you.

20 Those who remain shall hear, and fear, and will never again commit any such evil among you.

21 Your eyes shall not pity: life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot.

Around Deuteronomy 19

Context

Context for this book is being written. A note appears here only once it names its sources.

AI explanation

Deuteronomy 19 · Written by an AI model · Not reviewed by a theological reader

This explanation was written by an AI model to help you get started. It names no sources and can contain mistakes. Scripture comes first, and context with sources is shown separately on this page.

What this chapter says

Picture two men chopping wood in a forest. One swings an ax, and the head slips from the handle and strikes his neighbor dead. Moses uses this scene to show what the cities of refuge are for. Three cities are to be set apart, with roads prepared, so that a man who killed without hatred can flee there and live, and not be caught by the avenger of blood while his anger is hot.

If the LORD enlarges Israel's border, three more are to be added. But a murderer who lies in wait does not find safety there, and the elders are to hand him over.

The chapter closes with fairness in court. Do not move a neighbor's landmark. One witness is not enough, and two or three establish a matter. A false witness is to receive what he planned to do to his brother. The measure is life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth.

Background

The cities of refuge are also described in Numbers 35 and Joshua 20, where the names of six cities are given. The law separates accidental killing from murder, which was an important step in a world of family revenge. The phrase eye for eye is used here for false witnesses, a limit on punishment, and Jesus refers to it in Matthew 5. Jews and Christians have long read it as a rule of proportion and not a demand for revenge.

About this explanation

Written by Claude Sonnet 5.5, an AI model, on 26 October 2026. It draws on the WEB text and general knowledge and was not checked against sources by a person. Every quotation from Scripture is checked automatically against the WEB text.

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World English Bible. Public-domain source and edition notes