1 Samuel 31

1 Now the Philistines fought against Israel; and the men of Israel fled from before the Philistines, and fell down slain on Mount Gilboa.

2 The Philistines overtook Saul and his sons; and the Philistines killed Jonathan, Abinadab, and Malchishua, the sons of Saul.

3 The battle went hard against Saul, and the archers overtook him; and he was greatly distressed by reason of the archers.

4 Then Saul said to his armor bearer, “Draw your sword, and thrust me through with it, lest these uncircumcised come and thrust me through and abuse me!” But his armor bearer would not, for he was terrified. Therefore Saul took his sword and fell on it.

5 When his armor bearer saw that Saul was dead, he likewise fell on his sword, and died with him.

6 So Saul died with his three sons, his armor bearer, and all his men that same day together.

7 When the men of Israel who were on the other side of the valley, and those who were beyond the Jordan, saw that the men of Israel fled and that Saul and his sons were dead, they abandoned the cities and fled; and the Philistines came and lived in them.

8 On the next day, when the Philistines came to strip the slain, they found Saul and his three sons fallen on Mount Gilboa.

9 They cut off his head, stripped off his armor, and sent into the land of the Philistines all around, to carry the news to the house of their idols and to the people.

10 They put his armor in the house of the Ashtaroth, and they fastened his body to the wall of Beth Shan.

11 When the inhabitants of Jabesh Gilead heard what the Philistines had done to Saul,

12 all the valiant men arose, went all night, and took the body of Saul and the bodies of his sons from the wall of Beth Shan; and they came to Jabesh and burned them there.

13 They took their bones and buried them under the tamarisk tree in Jabesh, and fasted seven days.

Around 1 Samuel 31

Context

Context for this book is being written. A note appears here only once it names its sources.

AI explanation

1 Samuel 31 · Written by an AI model · Not reviewed by a theological reader

This explanation was written by an AI model to help you get started. It names no sources and can contain mistakes. Scripture comes first, and context with sources is shown separately on this page.

What this chapter says

The battle on Mount Gilboa goes badly from the start. The men of Israel flee and fall. The Philistines overtake Saul and kill his sons Jonathan, Abinadab, and Malchishua. Archers find Saul and wound him, and he is greatly distressed. He asks his armor bearer to run him through, so that the uncircumcised will not abuse him. The armor bearer is terrified and will not. Saul falls on his own sword, and the armor bearer does the same.

The next day the Philistines find the bodies. They cut off Saul’s head, put his armor in the house of the Ashtaroth, and fasten his body to the wall of Beth Shan. But the people of Jabesh Gilead remember him. Their valiant men travel all night, take the bodies from the wall, and bury the bones under a tree. Then they fast for seven days.

Background

This chapter ends the first book of Samuel with Saul's death, the outcome Samuel announced in 1 Samuel 28. Saul's first act as king was the rescue of Jabesh Gilead in 1 Samuel 11, and the people of that town now repay him. Christians differ in how they read Saul’s final act, and the text describes it without comment. The same events are told from another angle in 2 Samuel 1, and the Philistine victory is recorded again in 1 Chronicles 10.

About this explanation

Written by Claude Sonnet 5.5, an AI model, on 29 October 2026. It draws on the WEB text and general knowledge and was not checked against sources by a person. Every quotation from Scripture is checked automatically against the WEB text.

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World English Bible. Public-domain source and edition notes