1 Samuel 30

1 When David and his men had come to Ziklag on the third day, the Amalekites had made a raid on the South and on Ziklag, and had struck Ziklag and burned it with fire,

2 and had taken captive the women and all who were in it, both small and great. They didn’t kill any, but carried them off and went their way.

3 When David and his men came to the city, behold, it was burned with fire; and their wives, their sons, and their daughters were taken captive.

4 Then David and the people who were with him lifted up their voice and wept until they had no more power to weep.

5 David’s two wives were taken captive, Ahinoam the Jezreelitess, and Abigail the wife of Nabal the Carmelite.

6 David was greatly distressed, for the people spoke of stoning him, because the souls of all the people were grieved, every man for his sons and for his daughters; but David strengthened himself in the LORD his God.

7 David said to Abiathar the priest, the son of Ahimelech, “Please bring the ephod here to me.” Abiathar brought the ephod to David.

8 David inquired of the LORD, saying, “If I pursue after this troop, will I overtake them?” He answered him, “Pursue, for you will surely overtake them, and will without fail recover all.”

9 So David went, he and the six hundred men who were with him, and came to the brook Besor, where those who were left behind stayed.

10 But David pursued, he and four hundred men; for two hundred stayed behind, who were so faint that they couldn’t go over the brook Besor.

11 They found an Egyptian in the field, and brought him to David, and gave him bread, and he ate; and they gave him water to drink.

12 They gave him a piece of a cake of figs and two clusters of raisins. When he had eaten, his spirit came again to him; for he had eaten no bread, and drank no water for three days and three nights.

13 David asked him, “To whom do you belong? Where are you from?” He said, “I am a young man of Egypt, servant to an Amalekite; and my master left me, because three days ago I got sick.

14 We made a raid on the South of the Cherethites, and on that which belongs to Judah, and on the South of Caleb; and we burned Ziklag with fire.”

15 David said to him, “Will you bring me down to this troop?” He said, “Swear to me by God that you will not kill me and not deliver me up into the hands of my master, and I will bring you down to this troop.”

16 When he had brought him down, behold, they were spread around over all the ground, eating, drinking, and dancing, because of all the great plunder that they had taken out of the land of the Philistines, and out of the land of Judah.

17 David struck them from the twilight even to the evening of the next day. Not a man of them escaped from there, except four hundred young men who rode on camels and fled.

18 David recovered all that the Amalekites had taken, and David rescued his two wives.

19 There was nothing lacking to them, neither small nor great, neither sons nor daughters, neither plunder, nor anything that they had taken. David brought them all back.

20 David took all the flocks and the herds, which they drove before those other livestock, and said, “This is David’s plunder.”

21 David came to the two hundred men, who were so faint that they could not follow David, whom also they had made to stay at the brook Besor; and they went out to meet David, and to meet the people who were with him. When David came near to the people, he greeted them.

22 Then all the wicked men and worthless fellows of those who went with David answered and said, “Because they didn’t go with us, we will not give them anything of the plunder that we have recovered, except to every man his wife and his children, that he may lead them away and depart.”

23 Then David said, “Do not do so, my brothers, with that which the LORD has given to us, who has preserved us, and delivered the troop that came against us into our hand.

24 Who will listen to you in this matter? For as his share is who goes down to the battle, so shall his share be who stays with the baggage. They shall share alike.”

25 It was so from that day forward that he made it a statute and an ordinance for Israel to this day.

26 When David came to Ziklag, he sent some of the plunder to the elders of Judah, even to his friends, saying, “Behold, a present for you from the plunder of the LORD’s enemies.”

27 He sent it to those who were in Bethel, to those who were in Ramoth of the South, to those who were in Jattir,

28 to those who were in Aroer, to those who were in Siphmoth, to those who were in Eshtemoa,

29 to those who were in Racal, to those who were in the cities of the Jerahmeelites, to those who were in the cities of the Kenites,

30 to those who were in Hormah, to those who were in Borashan, to those who were in Athach,

31 to those who were in Hebron, and to all the places where David himself and his men used to stay.

Around 1 Samuel 30

Context

Context for this book is being written. A note appears here only once it names its sources.

AI explanation

1 Samuel 30 · Written by an AI model · Not reviewed by a theological reader

This explanation was written by an AI model to help you get started. It names no sources and can contain mistakes. Scripture comes first, and context with sources is shown separately on this page.

What this chapter says

David and his men come home to Ziklag on the third day and find only smoke. The Amalekites have raided and burned it. The women and children are gone, taken alive. The men weep until they have no strength to weep. Then the grief turns on David, and the people speak of stoning him.

The text says that “David strengthened himself in the LORD his God”. He asks through the ephod whether to pursue, and the answer is yes. Two hundred men are too faint to cross the brook Besor and stay behind. The rest follow a sick Egyptian slave, whom they feed, and he leads them to the raiders, who are feasting. David fights from twilight to the next evening. Everything is recovered.

When some of the men want to keep the plunder from those who stayed behind, David says all will share alike. He sends gifts to the elders of Judah.

Background

Where the previous chapter ends with the Philistines sending David away, this one shows what that cost and what it spared. Ziklag was burned while he was gone, and his own men turned on him. The rule about sharing the plunder is called a statute and ordinance for Israel. The gifts to the towns of Judah are a quiet step toward kingship, which comes in 2 Samuel 2. The Amalekites are the same people Saul failed to destroy in 1 Samuel 15.

About this explanation

Written by Claude Sonnet 5.5, an AI model, on 29 October 2026. It draws on the WEB text and general knowledge and was not checked against sources by a person. Every quotation from Scripture is checked automatically against the WEB text.

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World English Bible. Public-domain source and edition notes