Exodus 1

1 Now these are the names of the sons of Israel, who came into Egypt (every man and his household came with Jacob):

2 Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah,

3 Issachar, Zebulun, and Benjamin,

4 Dan and Naphtali, Gad and Asher.

5 All the souls who came out of Jacob’s body were seventy souls, and Joseph was in Egypt already.

6 Joseph died, as did all his brothers, and all that generation.

7 The children of Israel were fruitful, and increased abundantly, and multiplied, and grew exceedingly mighty; and the land was filled with them.

8 Now there arose a new king over Egypt, who didn’t know Joseph.

9 He said to his people, “Behold, the people of the children of Israel are more and mightier than we.

10 Come, let’s deal wisely with them, lest they multiply, and it happen that when any war breaks out, they also join themselves to our enemies and fight against us, and escape out of the land.”

11 Therefore they set taskmasters over them to afflict them with their burdens. They built storage cities for Pharaoh: Pithom and Raamses.

12 But the more they afflicted them, the more they multiplied and the more they spread out. They started to dread the children of Israel.

13 The Egyptians ruthlessly made the children of Israel serve,

14 and they made their lives bitter with hard service in mortar and in brick, and in all kinds of service in the field, all their service, in which they ruthlessly made them serve.

15 The king of Egypt spoke to the Hebrew midwives, of whom the name of the one was Shiphrah, and the name of the other Puah,

16 and he said, “When you perform the duty of a midwife to the Hebrew women, and see them on the birth stool, if it is a son, then you shall kill him; but if it is a daughter, then she shall live.”

17 But the midwives feared God, and didn’t do what the king of Egypt commanded them, but saved the baby boys alive.

18 The king of Egypt called for the midwives, and said to them, “Why have you done this thing and saved the boys alive?”

19 The midwives said to Pharaoh, “Because the Hebrew women aren’t like the Egyptian women; for they are vigorous and give birth before the midwife comes to them.”

20 God dealt well with the midwives, and the people multiplied, and grew very mighty.

21 Because the midwives feared God, he gave them families.

22 Pharaoh commanded all his people, saying, “You shall cast every son who is born into the river, and every daughter you shall save alive.”

Around Exodus 1

Context

Context for this book is being written. A note appears here only once it names its sources.

AI explanation

Exodus 1 · Written by an AI model · Not reviewed by a theological reader

This explanation was written by an AI model to help you get started. It names no sources and can contain mistakes. Scripture comes first, and context with sources is shown separately on this page.

What this chapter says

The book opens with a list of names, the sons of Israel who came into Egypt. Joseph and that whole generation die, but the family doesn't shrink. The children of Israel are fruitful and increase until the land is filled with them.

Then comes a sentence that changes everything: “Now there arose a new king over Egypt, who didn’t know Joseph.” He fears the numbers of the Israelites and sets taskmasters over them, building storage cities with brick and mortar. The harder the work, the more they multiply.

So the king speaks to two Hebrew midwives, Shiphrah and Puah, and orders them to kill every newborn boy. They fear God and refuse. When they are called in, they answer that the Hebrew women give birth before the midwife arrives. God deals well with them. Pharaoh then orders his people to throw every newborn son into the river.

Background

Exodus picks up where Genesis ends, with the family of Jacob in Egypt. Tradition links the book to Moses, though many scholars think it took shape over time. The Bible does not name this Pharaoh, and historians debate which king and which century it may be. The chapter shows power turning against a people it once welcomed. It also notes two women by name, Shiphrah and Puah, whose quiet refusal opens the way for the story of Moses in the next chapter.

About this explanation

Written by Claude Sonnet 5.5, an AI model, on 22 October 2026. It draws on the WEB text and general knowledge and was not checked against sources by a person. Every quotation from Scripture is checked automatically against the WEB text.

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World English Bible. Public-domain source and edition notes