1 Samuel 23

1 David was told, “Behold, the Philistines are fighting against Keilah, and are robbing the threshing floors.”

2 Therefore David inquired of the LORD, saying, “Shall I go and strike these Philistines?” The LORD said to David, “Go strike the Philistines, and save Keilah.”

3 David’s men said to him, “Behold, we are afraid here in Judah. How much more then if we go to Keilah against the armies of the Philistines?”

4 Then David inquired of the LORD yet again. The LORD answered him, and said, “Arise, go down to Keilah; for I will deliver the Philistines into your hand.”

5 David and his men went to Keilah and fought with the Philistines, and brought away their livestock, and killed them with a great slaughter. So David saved the inhabitants of Keilah.

6 When Abiathar the son of Ahimelech fled to David to Keilah, he came down with an ephod in his hand.

7 Saul was told that David had come to Keilah. Saul said, “God has delivered him into my hand, for he is shut in by entering into a town that has gates and bars.”

8 Saul summoned all the people to war, to go down to Keilah to besiege David and his men.

9 David knew that Saul was devising mischief against him. He said to Abiathar the priest, “Bring the ephod here.”

10 Then David said, “O LORD, the God of Israel, your servant has surely heard that Saul seeks to come to Keilah to destroy the city for my sake.

11 Will the men of Keilah deliver me up into his hand? Will Saul come down, as your servant has heard? LORD, the God of Israel, I beg you, tell your servant.” The LORD said, “He will come down.”

12 Then David said, “Will the men of Keilah deliver me and my men into the hand of Saul?” The LORD said, “They will deliver you up.”

13 Then David and his men, who were about six hundred, arose and departed out of Keilah and went wherever they could go. Saul was told that David had escaped from Keilah; and he gave up going there.

14 David stayed in the wilderness in the strongholds, and remained in the hill country in the wilderness of Ziph. Saul sought him every day, but God didn’t deliver him into his hand.

15 David saw that Saul had come out to seek his life. David was in the wilderness of Ziph in the woods.

16 Jonathan, Saul’s son, arose and went to David into the woods, and strengthened his hand in God.

17 He said to him, “Don’t be afraid, for the hand of Saul my father won’t find you; and you will be king over Israel, and I will be next to you; and Saul my father knows that also.”

18 They both made a covenant before the LORD. Then David stayed in the woods and Jonathan went to his house.

19 Then the Ziphites came up to Saul to Gibeah, saying, “Doesn’t David hide himself with us in the strongholds in the woods, in the hill of Hachilah, which is on the south of the desert?

20 Now therefore, O king, come down. According to all the desire of your soul to come down; and our part will be to deliver him up into the king’s hand.”

21 Saul said, “You are blessed by the LORD, for you have had compassion on me.

22 Please go make yet more sure, and know and see his place where his haunt is, and who has seen him there; for I have been told that he is very cunning.

23 See therefore, and take knowledge of all the lurking places where he hides himself; and come again to me with certainty, and I will go with you. It shall happen, if he is in the land, that I will search him out among all the thousands of Judah.”

24 They arose, and went to Ziph before Saul; but David and his men were in the wilderness of Maon, in the Arabah on the south of the desert.

25 Saul and his men went to seek him. When David was told, he went down to the rock, and stayed in the wilderness of Maon. When Saul heard that, he pursued David in the wilderness of Maon.

26 Saul went on this side of the mountain, and David and his men on that side of the mountain; and David hurried to get away for fear of Saul, for Saul and his men surrounded David and his men to take them.

27 But a messenger came to Saul, saying, “Hurry and come, for the Philistines have made a raid on the land!”

28 So Saul returned from pursuing David, and went against the Philistines. Therefore they called that place Sela Hammahlekoth.

29 David went up from there and lived in the strongholds of En Gedi.

Around 1 Samuel 23

Context

Context for this book is being written. A note appears here only once it names its sources.

AI explanation

1 Samuel 23 · Written by an AI model · Not reviewed by a theological reader

This explanation was written by an AI model to help you get started. It names no sources and can contain mistakes. Scripture comes first, and context with sources is shown separately on this page.

What this chapter says

While David is on the run, he still stops to rescue strangers. The Philistines are robbing the threshing floors of Keilah, and David asks the LORD whether to go. The answer is yes. His men are afraid, so he asks again, and the answer is the same. He wins, and Keilah is saved.

But Saul hears that David is shut inside a town with gates, and he sees his chance. David asks the LORD what will happen, and is told that Saul will come and that the people of Keilah will hand him over. So David and his six hundred men leave. Saul keeps hunting him, with help from the Ziphites who report where he hides. Jonathan finds David in the woods and strengthens his hand in God. Then, as Saul closes in, a messenger announces a Philistine raid, and Saul has to turn back.

Background

David’s men are afraid, the town he saved will not protect him, and the king has the numbers. The chapter shows David relying on the ephod to ask God, which the priest Abiathar brings to him. It also shows how close the chase came, with the two groups on opposite sides of one mountain. Jonathan’s last meeting with David is recorded here, in verses 16 to 18. David’s years in the wilderness also lie behind several psalms, such as Psalm 54, which is linked to the Ziphites.

About this explanation

Written by Claude Sonnet 5.5, an AI model, on 29 October 2026. It draws on the WEB text and general knowledge and was not checked against sources by a person. Every quotation from Scripture is checked automatically against the WEB text.

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World English Bible. Public-domain source and edition notes