1 Samuel 21

1 Then David came to Nob to Ahimelech the priest. Ahimelech came to meet David trembling, and said to him, “Why are you alone, and no man with you?”

2 David said to Ahimelech the priest, “The king has commanded me to do something, and has said to me, ‘Let no one know anything about the business about which I send you, and what I have commanded you. I have sent the young men to a certain place.’

3 Now therefore what is under your hand? Please give me five loaves of bread in my hand, or whatever is available.”

4 The priest answered David, and said, “I have no common bread, but there is holy bread; if only the young men have kept themselves from women.”

5 David answered the priest, and said to him, “Truly, women have been kept from us as usual these three days. When I came out, the vessels of the young men were holy, though it was only a common journey. How much more then today shall their vessels be holy?”

6 So the priest gave him holy bread; for there was no bread there but the show bread that was taken from before the LORD, to be replaced with hot bread in the day when it was taken away.

7 Now a certain man of the servants of Saul was there that day, detained before the LORD; and his name was Doeg the Edomite, the best of the herdsmen who belonged to Saul.

8 David said to Ahimelech, “Isn’t there here under your hand spear or sword? For I haven’t brought my sword or my weapons with me, because the king’s business required haste.”

9 The priest said, “Behold, the sword of Goliath the Philistine, whom you killed in the valley of Elah, is here wrapped in a cloth behind the ephod. If you would like to take that, take it, for there is no other except that here.” David said, “There is none like that. Give it to me.”

10 David arose and fled that day for fear of Saul, and went to Achish the king of Gath.

11 The servants of Achish said to him, “Isn’t this David the king of the land? Didn’t they sing to one another about him in dances, saying, ‘Saul has slain his thousands, and David his ten thousands’?”

12 David laid up these words in his heart, and was very afraid of Achish the king of Gath.

13 He changed his behavior before them and pretended to be insane in their hands, and scribbled on the doors of the gate, and let his spittle fall down on his beard.

14 Then Achish said to his servants, “Look, you see the man is insane. Why then have you brought him to me?

15 Do I lack madmen, that you have brought this fellow to play the madman in my presence? Should this fellow come into my house?”

Around 1 Samuel 21

Context

Context for this book is being written. A note appears here only once it names its sources.

AI explanation

1 Samuel 21 · Written by an AI model · Not reviewed by a theological reader

This explanation was written by an AI model to help you get started. It names no sources and can contain mistakes. Scripture comes first, and context with sources is shown separately on this page.

What this chapter says

David arrives at Nob alone, hungry and unarmed, and the priest Ahimelech comes out to meet him trembling. David tells him the king has sent him on secret business and asks for bread. The only bread is the holy bread, and the priest gives it after asking about the young men’s purity. David asks for a weapon, and the priest has one: the sword of Goliath, wrapped in a cloth behind the ephod. Doeg the Edomite, one of Saul’s servants, is there and sees.

David flees to Gath, of all places, the city of Goliath. Achish’s servants recognize him and quote the song, “Saul has slain his thousands, and David his ten thousands”. David is very afraid. He pretends to be insane, scribbling on the gate and letting spit run down his beard, and the king sends him away.

Background

David has left Saul’s court with no supplies and no men, and the chapter shows how thin his position has become. He gives the priest a story that the text itself leaves unexplained, since Saul has sent him on no such business. Doeg’s presence matters, because what he sees at Nob returns in 1 Samuel 22. Jesus refers to the holy bread in Matthew 12 and Mark 2. Gath was a Philistine city, and Goliath came from there according to 1 Samuel 17.

About this explanation

Written by Claude Sonnet 5.5, an AI model, on 29 October 2026. It draws on the WEB text and general knowledge and was not checked against sources by a person. Every quotation from Scripture is checked automatically against the WEB text.

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World English Bible. Public-domain source and edition notes